体育外围

1. RFMLS简介

suizhewuxiandianzhongduanhewulianwangshebeidebaozhaxingzengzhang，wuxiandianpinpuzhengzaibiandeyuelaiyueyongji，shibie、dingweihezuduanganraoxinhaobiandeyichangkunnan。weilegaishanpinpugongxianghuanjinghetigaowuxianwangluoanquan，xuyaokaifaxinjishulailejiepinpudeshijishiyongzhuangtai。

meiguoguofanggaojiyanjiujihuaju（defense advanced research projects agency, darpa）yu2017nian8yueshelilexindeyanjiuxiangmuwuxiandianpinpujiqixuexixitong（radio frequency machine learning systems, rfmls），tansuozaipinpulingyuliyongjiqixuexilijiewuxiandianxinhao。

体育外围 rfmlsxiangmudemubiaoshichuangjiannenggouquanmianlijiewuxiandianpinpudejiqixuexisuanfa，shibieqianzaideweihaixinhao，binggenjurenwuyouxitongzizhudizuochuxiangying。muqiangaijihuadehetongshouyulebae systems，expedition technologies，northeastern university，teledyne technologieshestanford research institute[1]。

2. 机器学习与RFMLS项目

2.1 jiqixuexidejinzhan

zaoqiderengongzhinengzhuyaojiyuzhuanjiaxitong，jizaitedingyingyongzhongzhixingjuyoumingqueguizedingyidexitong。zheixiezhuanjiaxitongyangedijiangzhuanyezhishihejueceguizexianzhizaikeyucedefanweinei，lirujiandandeyouxihegongyeliuchengkongzhi。dangqianguangfanshiyongdezishiyingwuxiandianxitongshuyuzhuanjiaxitong。yixiezhuanjiaxitonggenjuyiwangxinhaofenxidejingyanlaizhidingxiangyingdeguize，bingqieyijingbushuzaiwuxiandiangongzuohuanjingzhong，liru，gongchengshizaichengxuzhongzhidingdangyudaowuxiandianganraoshiqiehuandaobeiyongpinlvdeguize。suiranzhuanjiaxitongzaiyidingchengdushangyouxiao，danshiyikaozhuanyezhishizhidingguizedeguochengjiangguiyouhaoshi，bingqiexiangyingsudugenbushangwuxiandianxinhaodebianhua，ciwai，zheixiexitongjihubulejiepinpuzhongshijifashengdeqingkuang，yanzhongxianzhilezhuanjiaxitongdeshiyongxing。

zaiguoqudejinianzhong，jiyujiqixuexiderengongzhinengkuaisufazhanqilai。jiqixuexishiliyongdayangbenshujujianlitongjimoxing，yibianzaimeiyoumingqueguizedeqingkuangxiaduimubiaojinxingyuceheyouhua。jiqixuexizuizhongyaodefenzhishishenduxuexishenjingwangluo，dangyouzugoudeyangbenshujushi，nenggouduiqixunlianyizhixinggezhongfuzadefenleiheyucerenwu。jiyushujuqudongdejiqixuexiyijingzaiyuyinshibie、tuxiangshibieyijizidongjiashidenglingyushixianlegemingxingdejinbu。zheixiechuangxindeguanjianshicongzhenduimeigerenwudingzhidezhuanjiaxitongyanbianweicongdashujuzhongxuexidetongyongxitong。

体育外围 raner，zaiwuxiandianlingyushiyongrengongzhinengquemeiyougenshangjiqixuexidezheixiejinbu，bingqiehenshaoyouyanjiutansuochuantongwuxiandianxinhaochulihejiqixuexidejiaochadian。zhenduidangqianwuxiandianpinpuhuanjingkenengzaodaoeyipohuaideweixie，tansuoruhejiangjiqixuexiyingyongyuchuantongdewuxiandianxinhaolingyubiandezhiguanzhongyao[2]。

2.2 dangqianwuxiandianxitongdebuzu

suizheyuelaiyueduodewuxiandianzhongduan、tongxinxitong、leida、ganraojiheqitayingyongheshebeizaipinpuhuanjingzhongyunxing，diancihuanjingbiandeyuelaiyuefuza。muqiandiancihuanjingzhongcunzaidezhuyaofengxianshitaishiganzhinenglibuzu、weixiewufaquedingyijitongxinyishoueyiganrao[2]。bingqieeyiganraofashejibiandegengjiazhineng，nenggoutongguoweizhuangshenfenyiyanshiqitezheng。tu1weifeishouquanyonghutongguoweizhuangdemacdizhishitujieruwuxianwangluo。

图1. 非授权用户的威胁（来源:体育外围

体育外围 dangqiandewuxiandianxitongpubiancaiyongdeshijiyuguizedetuili（leisiyuzaoqirengongzhinengzhongdezhuanjiaxitong），zhidingleyitaoxinhaofenxihexiangyingguize。juedaduoshucileixitongdoushiyongchazhaobiaodesilu: xinhaoshujujinruxitonghouanzhaoleisidianzibiaogederuanjianjinxingfenlei，jiangshuruxinhaoyuduiyingdexiangyingchulixiangguanlian。

体育外围 chuantongdewuxiandianxitongchangchanganshunxusaomiaopinlvhekongjianquyu，jihubulejiepinpudeshijishiyongqingkuang，duigaidiancihuanjingzhongdexinhaotongjishujusuozhishenshao，liru，naxiexinhaozaimougequyuhuopinduanshiyichangde。

体育外围 2.3 rfmlsdeneirong

体育外围 weileliyongjiqixuexidejinbulaijiejuedangqianwuxiandianxitongzhongcunzaidewenti，darpazhengzaixunqiuliyongliyongjiqixuexilaigaishanpinpuguanli，bingmanzujunshiheminyongtongxinzhongduiwuxiandianpinlvriyizengzhangdexuqiu。darpatichuderfmlsxiangmushiyixiangjichuxinggongzuo，mubiaoshijianlijiangxiandaijiqixuexiyingyongyuwuxiandianpinpulingyudejishujichu。rfmlsjiangtongguojiqixuexilijiediancihuanjingbingshixianjuecenengli，congerxianzhugaishanchuantongdewuxiandianxitong。

rfmlsxiangmudezuizhongmudeshilijiewuxiandianpinpudeshijishiyongzhuangtai。liru，zhangwozhanyongpinpudexinhaozhonglei、congbeijingzhongtiquchuzhongyaodexinhao，bingshibieneixieweifanwuxiandianguizedexinhao，yishixianpinpugongxianghetigaowulianwangxitonganquan。qizhong，wuxianwangluojiangzizhuxiezuobingtuiliruhegongxiangwuxiandianpinpuhebimianganrao，shixianduipinpuziyuandezuiyouxiaoliyong。tu2weirfmlsshiyitu。

图2. RFMLS示意图（来源:体育外围

rfmlstongguojiqixuexicongwuxiandianpinpuzhongtiquchuewaidexinhaotezheng，liyongpinpudashujushibieyiqianwufajiancedaodewuxiandianxinhao，congergenghaodilijiediancihuanjing。gaixitongnenggoucongdaguimowulianwangshebeifashedewuxiandianxinhaozhongfenbianchuxiweidechayi，liru，youyuzhizaoquexiandengyinsudaozhidewuyidiaozhi，bingnengjiangqituqipianhuoruqinwangluoshebeidexinhaoqufenchulai。 zuizhong，gaixitongnenggoulijiewuxiandianhuanjingzhongzhengzaifashengdeshiqing，bingjubeiwuxiandianxinhaoquzhengnengli，yibianzaifuzadediancihuanjingzhongshibieganxingqudexinhao。zaiweilai，jiqixuexibujinkeyichulicaijidepinpushuju，erqiehaikegenjumubiaorenwulaiquedingwuxiandianchuanganqixuyaocaijinaxiepinpushuju，yijiguihuashujucaijideshijianhedidian。

3. RFMLS的组成

rfmlsjiangjianliyizhongnenggoucongshujuzhongxuexibingyirenwuweidaoxiangdewuxiandianxitong，baohanyixiasigezuchengbufen[3]。

体育外围 （1）xinhaotezhengxuexi

体育外围 rfmlsjiangliyongcaijidewuxiandianxinhaoshujuji，xuexiyongyushibiehebiaozhenggezhongminyonghejunyonghuanjingzhongdexinhaotexing，congerduixinhaojinxingjianjiedemiaoshu。

体育外围 diyidairengongzhinengzaipinpuzhongdeyingyongyilaiyuzhuanjiashejidexinhaotezheng。zuijinyoukenengtongguojiangpinpuwentiqianyidaozaishenduxuexizhongyijingchenggongyingyongdeqitalingyu，laijianlixinhaotezheng。 rfmlsjiangnenggoucongcaijidexunlianshujuzhongxuexiheshidetezhenglaimiaoshuwuxiandianxinhaohexiangguanshuxing。tu3weixinhaotezhengxuexidejiegou。

图3. 信号特征学习（来源:体育外围

体育外围 （2） zhuyiliyindao

体育外围 xiayidaiwuxiandianxitongcongbiaozhengpinpudemhzyanbianweighz。weileyouxiaodiliyongdaikuankuozhan，rfmlsbixulejienaxiexinhaoshizhongyaode，jiangchuliziyuanjizhongzaizheixiexinhaoshang，bingtongguohulveduitedingrenwudeciyaoxinhaolaijieshengziyuan。qufenzhongyaoheciyaodewuxiandianxinhaohecaozuozhiguanzhongyao。rfmlsxuyaoliyongjiqixuexisuanfajiangzhuyiliyindaodaojuyouqianzaizhongyaoxingdewuxiandiancaozuozhong，liru，zaileidaxinhaogongzuopinduanzhongjiancechuganxingqudetongxinxinhao。

tu4weizhuyiliyindaoceshi，zai500mhzdaikuandebeijingxinhaoshangdiejiaduoge“zhongyaodexinhao”，qiwangzaiceshixitongzhongjiangzheixiemubiaoxinhaofenlichulai。

图4. 区分重要信号的测试（来源:体育外围

（3）zizhuwuxiandianchuanganqipeizhi

体育外围 zishiyingwuxiandianxitongdexuduozaoqiyanjiudoujizhongzaimoniwuxiandiandianzishebei（jishepinqianduan），jianlikezhongxinpeizhidexitong，zaishejishibuhuijiangcaozuotexingshezhichenggudingbubiande。zuijindejinbuyijingchanshenglelinghuodedaguimoquanshuziwuxiandianxitong。danshizheixiejinbudekaifachengduhendi，yinweihenshaoyouyanjiujiangzheizhongshiyingxingyuzhongxinpeizhiwuxiandianchuanganqisuoxudezhinengxiangjiehe。

体育外围 rfmlsnenggougenjujidingderenwuxuexibingyouhuadaliangkecaozuodepeizhi（rumonidianzishebei、boshuzhuanxiangjiaodu、daikuanlingmindu、weizhideng），kongzhiyingjianxitonglaitigaoxinhaojieshounengli，rutu5suoshi。jiqixuexifangfajieheganzhichulihejuecetuili，nenggouzaidaxingkongzhikongjianneizidongzhongxinpeizhichuanganqi，yitigaozhengtirenwuxingneng，bingshixianfuzaderenwu。

图5. 自主无线电传感器配置（来源:体育外围

（4）boxinghecheng

rfmlsnenggouliyongjiqixuexisuanfayishuzifangshibianmahechengjihurenhekenengdefasheboxing。liyongzheizhongweitedingwuxiandianshebeichuangjianxinboxingdenengli，keyigaishanzaifuzadiancihuanjingzhongshibieyouhaoyonghudexingneng。tu6weiboxinghechengshiyitu。

图6. 波形合成（来源:体育外围

zairfmlsdesigezuchengbufenzhong，xinhaotezhengxuexiheboshuhechengshuyushepinqianduan，zhuyiliyindaohezizhuwuxiandianchuanganqipeizhishuyupinpuganzhi。

4. RFMLS的具体任务

体育外围 rfmlsnenggouzaigengjiayongjidepinpuhuanjingzhongshibiehebiaozhengwuxiandianxinhao，zheijiangweixinxingdezidonghuawuxiandianxitongheyilaitamendejunshizhihuitigongguanjiandexinxi，yibianlejiepinpushiyongdeshijiqingkuang。

zhenduirfmlsdesigezuchengbufen，jiangzhixingyixiasixiangjutirenwu[4]:

（1）wuxiandianzhiwenshibie

chuantongdewuxiananquanyilaiyumeigewuxiandianshebeideruanjianshenfen，wangwanghuibeiheikeruqinhuoyiqitafangshijinxingfuzhi。xinhaozaitongguomonidianziqijianjinxingdiaozhenghefangdadeguochengzhong，wangwanghuifujiaweiruodandutedetezheng。rfmlsnenggouxuexijiyugaifashejideguyouyingjianquexiansuodaibiaodeweiyiwuxiandianzhiwen，laishibietedingdefasheji，shitujiejuechuantongwuxiandianxitongzhongdeanquanwenti。 cirenwucezhongyuxinhaotezhengxuexi。

（2）wuxiandianzhiwenzengqiang

体育外围 weilejinyibuzengqiangwuxiananquanxing，tongxinxitongtongguojiqixuexilaidiaozhengqifasheboxingyizengqiangqiziranzhiwen。gairenwucezhongyuhechengboxing。

（3）pinpuyishi

chuantongdewuxiandianpinpujiancexitongtongguoshiyongzhaidaihexiangduijiandandejishulaishibiezhanyongpinpudexinhao（liruxinhaopinlv）。 suizheshangyongkuandaiadc、ruanjiandingyiwuxiandian、pinpugongxianghetongyongwuxiandianjishubiandechengshu，chuantongdewuxiandianjiancefangfashoudaoletiaozhan。 rfmlsxitongjiangtongguojiqixuexilijiedadaikuanzhongcunzaidezhongyaoheciyaoxinhaozhijiandechayi，yibianjianligengshiyonghezhunquedepinpuganzhixitong，shixianmubiaoxinhaojingzhunjiance。zheixiangrenwuqiangdiaozhuyiliyindao。

（4）zizhuwuxiandianxitongpeizhi

weilejinyibutigaopinpuganzhidexingneng，rfmlsjiangxunqiuxuexiruheyizuijiadefangshilaidiaozhenghepeizhiqiyingjianziyuan，congerzaifuzadediancihuanjingzhongzuidahuashibiezhongyaoxinhaodenengli。cirenwuqiangdiaozizhuwuxiandianchuanganqipeizhi。

参考文献

体育外围 [1] cognitive electronic warfare: radio frequency spectrum meets machine learning. http://interactive.aviationtoday.com/cognitive-electronic-warfare-radio-frequency-spectrum-meets-machine-learning. 2018.08.28

[2] darpa contract to apply machine learning to the radio frequency spectrum. http://www.baesystems.com/en-us/article/darpa-contract-to-apply-machine-learning-to-the-radio-frequency-spectrum.  2018.11.27

[3] the radio frequency spectrum + machine learning = a new wave in radio technology. http://www.darpa.mil/news-events/2018-08-11a. 2017.08.18

[4] radio frequency machine learning systems. http://www.darpa.mil/program/radio-frequency-machine-learning-systems. 2018.08.23.